Bitewe nintego yo kutabogama kwa karubone, gukoresha ingufu zizaza bizagenda bihinduka bigana ingufu zisukuye.Imirasire y'izuba, nk'ingufu zisanzwe zisukuye mubuzima bwa buri munsi, nayo izitabwaho cyane.Nyamara, ingufu zituruka ku mirasire y'izuba ubwazo ntizihamye, kandi zifitanye isano rya bugufi n’uburemere bw’izuba ry’ikirere hamwe n’ikirere cy’umunsi, bisaba ko hashyirwaho ibikoresho bibika ingufu za fotora kugira ngo bigabanye ingufu.
Umutima wurugo rwa sisitemu ya Photovoltaque
Ububiko bwamashanyarazi murugo busanzwe bushyirwaho hamwe na sisitemu yo gufotora murugo kugirango itange amashanyarazi kubakoresha murugo.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu irashobora kuzamura urwego rwo kwifashisha ifoto y’amashanyarazi yo mu rugo, kugabanya fagitire y’amashanyarazi, no kwemeza ko ukoresha amashanyarazi mu gihe cy’ikirere gikabije.Kubakoresha mukarere gafite ibiciro byamashanyarazi menshi, itandukaniro ryibiciro hejuru yikibaya, cyangwa gride ishaje, nibyiza cyane kugura sisitemu yo kubika urugo, kandi abakoresha urugo bafite ubushake bwo kugura sisitemu yo kubika urugo.
Kugeza ubu, ingufu nyinshi z'izuba zikoreshwa mu Bushinwa zikoreshwa gusa mu gushyushya amazi.Imirasire y'izuba ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi munzu yose iracyari mu ntangiriro, kandi abakoresha nyamukuru baracyari mumahanga, cyane cyane muburayi no muri Amerika.
Bitewe n’urwego rwo hejuru rw’imijyi mu bihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika, kandi amazu ubusanzwe yiganjemo amazu yigenga cyangwa yigenga, arakwiriye guteza imbere amafoto y’urugo.Nk’uko imibare ibigaragaza, mu 2021, Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi washyizweho n’amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi azaba ari watts 355.3 kuri buri rugo, bikiyongera 40% ugereranije na 2019.
Ku bijyanye n’igipimo cyo kwinjira, ubushobozi bwashyizweho n’amafoto y’urugo muri Ositaraliya, Amerika, Ubudage n’Ubuyapani bingana na 66.5%, 25.3%, 34.4% na 29.5% by’ubushobozi bw’amafoto yashyizweho, mu gihe igipimo cy’ubushobozi bw’amafoto yashyizweho. mu ngo mu Bushinwa ni 4% gusa.Ibumoso n'iburyo, hamwe nicyumba kinini cyiterambere.
Intandaro ya sisitemu yo gufotora murugo nibikoresho byo kubika ingufu, nacyo gice hamwe nigiciro kinini.Kugeza ubu, igiciro cya batiri ya lithium mu Bushinwa ni amadorari 130 y'Amerika / kilowat.Dufashe umuryango wabantu bane muri Sydney ababyeyi babo bakora akazi nkurugero, ukeka ko ingufu za buri munsi zikoreshwa mumuryango ari 22kWh, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu murugo ni 7kW yibikoresho bifotora hiyongereyeho na 13.3kWh yo kubika ingufu.Ibi bivuze kandi ko bateri zihagije zo kubika ingufu za sisitemu ya Photovoltaque izagura amadorari 1.729.
Ariko mu myaka mike ishize, igiciro cyibikoresho byizuba murugo byagabanutseho 30% kugeza kuri 50%, mugihe imikorere yiyongereyeho 10% igera kuri 20%.Ibi biteganijwe ko byihutisha iterambere ryihuse ryububiko bwamafoto yumuriro.
Amahirwe meza yo kubika ingufu zo murugo
Usibye bateri zibika ingufu, ibindi bikoresho byibanze ni fotokoltaque hamwe nububiko bwo kubika ingufu, kandi sisitemu yo kubika ingufu murugo irashobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo kubika ingufu za home home Photovoltaic hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za homevoltaque ukurikije uburyo butandukanye bwo guhuza hamwe niba aribyo Byahujwe na gride.sisitemu, sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za fotokolitike yo murugo, hamwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque.
Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque murugo isanzwe ikwiranye ningo nshya zifotora amashanyarazi, zishobora kwemeza amashanyarazi nyuma yumuriro.Kugeza ubu ni inzira nyamukuru, ariko ntibikwiye kuzamura ingo zisanzwe zifotora.Ubwoko bwo guhuza bukwiranye ningo zisanzwe zifotora, zihindura sisitemu ihari ya fotokoltaque ihujwe na sisitemu yo kubika ingufu, ikiguzi cyo kwinjiza ni gito, ariko uburyo bwo kwishyuza buri hasi;Ubwoko bwa off-grid burakwiriye ahantu hatagira gride, kandi mubisanzwe bigomba kuba bifite moteri ya mazutu.
Ugereranije na bateri zibika ingufu, inverter hamwe na moderi ya Photovoltaque bingana na kimwe cya kabiri cyikiguzi rusange cya bateri.Mubyongeyeho, ibikoresho byo kubika ingufu murugo bigomba gushyirwaho nababishizeho, kandi igiciro cyo kwishyiriraho nacyo ni 12% -30%.
Nubwo bihenze cyane, sisitemu nyinshi zo kubika bateri nazo zituma gahunda yo gukoresha amashanyarazi mu bwenge no hanze, atari ukugurisha ingufu zirenze kuri sisitemu y’amashanyarazi, ariko zimwe zashyizwe mu bikorwa kugira ngo zinjizwe mu bikoresho byo kwishyiriraho ibinyabiziga by’amashanyarazi.Kuri ubu iyo ibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi bigenda byamamara, iyi nyungu nayo izafasha abakoresha kuzigama amafaranga menshi.
Muri icyo gihe, kwishingikiriza cyane ku masoko y’ingufu zituruka hanze bizatera ikibazo cy’ingufu, cyane cyane mu bihe by’isi muri iki gihe.Dufashe urugero rw’ingufu z’Uburayi, gazi karemano igera kuri 25%, kandi gaze gasanzwe y’iburayi iterwa cyane n’ibitumizwa mu mahanga, bigatuma hakenerwa byihutirwa guhindura ingufu mu Burayi.
Ubudage bwateje imbere intego yo kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi 100% kuva 2050 kugeza 2035, bugera kuri 80% by'ingufu ziva mu kongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi.Komisiyo y’Uburayi yemeje icyifuzo cya REPowerEU cyo kongera intego z’ingufu z’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi mu 2030, izongera 17TWh y’amashanyarazi mu mwaka wa mbere wa gahunda y’amafoto y’urugo, ikanatanga amashanyarazi 42TWh y’amashanyarazi mu 2025. Inyubako rusange zifite ibikoresho bifotora, kandi bisaba Inyubako nshya zose zashyizwemo ibisenge bifotora, kandi inzira yo kubyemeza igenzurwa mumezi atatu.
Kubara ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwo gukwirakwiza amafoto yerekana amashanyarazi ukurikije umubare w ingo, tekereza igipimo cyinjira mububiko bwingufu zo murugo kugirango ubone umubare wabitswemo ingufu zurugo, hanyuma ufate ubushobozi buringaniye bwashyizweho kuri buri rugo kugirango ubone ubushobozi bwashyizweho bwo kubika ingufu zurugo muri isi no ku masoko atandukanye.
Tuvuze ko mu 2025, igipimo cyo kwinjira mu bubiko bw’ingufu ku isoko rishya ry’amafoto ari 20%, igipimo cyo kwinjira mu bubiko bw’ingufu ku isoko ry’imigabane ni 5%, naho ububiko bw’ingufu zo mu rugo ku isi bugera kuri 70GWh, umwanya w’isoko ni munini .
incamake
Mugihe igipimo cyingufu zamashanyarazi zisukuye mubuzima bwa buri munsi kigenda kirushaho kuba ingenzi, Photovoltaque yagiye yinjira mumiryango ibihumbi.Sisitemu yo kubika ingufu za Photovoltaque ntishobora gusa gukenera amashanyarazi ya buri munsi murugo, ariko kandi igurisha amashanyarazi arenze kuri gride kugirango yinjize.Hamwe no kongera ibikoresho byamashanyarazi, sisitemu irashobora guhinduka ibicuruzwa bigomba kuba mumiryango izaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-30-2023